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Shukri Mustafa
Shukri Mustafa (1942–1978, (アラビア語:شكري مصطفى), ) was an agricultural engineer who led the extremist Islamist group ''Jama'at al-Muslimin'', popularly known as Takfir wal-Hijra. He began his path toward Islamist thought by joining the Muslim Brotherhood in the 1960s. After being arrested for activities related to the group he became interested in the works of Sayyid Qutb and other radical thinkers. After being released in 1971 he gathered followers and withdrew from contemporary society. He was executed in 1978 after kidnapping and killing an Egyptian government minister.
==Early life==
Shukri was born on 1 June 1942 in Abu Khurus in Middle Egypt but moved with his mother at a young age to nearby Asyut. He attended an Islamic school and went on to study agriculture at Assiut University.〔Giles Kepel, ''Muslim extremism in Egypt: the Prophet and the Pharaoh'', p. 74〕 It was here that he first came into contact with the Muslim Brotherhood, and was arrested for distributing their pamphlets in 1965.〔http://www.pwhce.org/shukri.html〕
Shukri spent six years in prison, initially in Tura and then, from 1967, in Abu Za'bal.〔 While imprisoned, he read the recently executed Qutb's declarations that Egypt was in ''jahiliyyah'' (a state of pre-Islamic ignorance). Shukri and some of his fellow prisoners built on these ideas, and believed that most Egyptians were no longer truly Muslims, but had become apostates by their failure to struggle against the state.〔Marc Sageman, ''Understanding terror networks'', p. 14〕 Shukri's faction, known as ''Jama'at al-Muslimin'' (Society of Muslims), additionally believed that Qutb had also called for total separation from jahiliyyah society.〔The Prophet and the Pharaoh, p75〕
Jama'at al-Muslimin fell apart following the Muslim Brotherhood's official rejection of Qutb's theories. The group's first leader, Sheikh Ali Abduh Ismail, renounced Takfir in 1969. Shukri was soon the leader by default: he was the only remaining member.〔The Prophet and the Pharaoh, p. 76〕 He was released from prison in 1971 as part of the new president Anwar Sadat's rapprochement with the Muslim Brotherhood.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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